In the event a CT exam is repeated without order (e.g. Fetal badges are to be worn near the waist. All physicians using or supervising use of fluoroscopic equipment are required to be certified by the state of California. Additionally, a thyroid collar and leaded eye wear (or “radiation glasses”) are recommended. Radiation that falls within the “ionizing radiation” range has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, thus creating ions. A diagnostic radiopharmaceutical drug was, Nuclear medicine physicians and technologists, Cardiologists working with fluoroscopy equipment, Nurses regularly caring for radionuclide therapy patients, Nursing staff occasionally caring for radionuclide therapy patients, Administrators and administrative assistants. Keeping the time of exposure to a minimum, When appropriate, placing a shield between yourself and the source, and. Since the Bq represents such a small quantity, usually a prefix noting a large multiplier is used with the Bq as follows: Both public and occupational regulatory dose limits are set by federal (i.e., Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC]) and state agencies to limit cancer risk from chronic exposures found in a typical work setting (e.g., nuclear medicine). Potassium 40, crucial for life, is one example. Examples include building products (contain naturally occurring radioactive materials) such as brick, granite counter tops, or phosphate fertilizer, tobacco products, and antiques such as clocks and watches (may contain radium or tritium so that the dial glows in the dark) or canary/vaseline glass. If the proposal requires the approval of the Radioactive Drug Research Committee, CRSCo must review and approve the application at the next meeting. The size, weight, or quantity of material does not indicate how much radioactivity is present. Exposure to a research subject less than 18 years of age. Contact Health Physics if any package labeled as containing radioactive material is left unattended in public areas (650-723-3201). An additional RDR application must be obtained from Health Physics. An x-ray device was first used in 1896 and permitted non-invasive imaging of internal human structures. Some types of radioactive materials stay in the body and are deposited in different body organs. Flushing of the waste from the dialysis tubing directly to the sanitary sewer line and collecting the dialysis tubing and filter as radioactive waste is appropriate. Health Physics acts as a point of contact for this contractor. The exhaust from the room where the inert gas is used shall be directly vented to the environment. Opportunities for research are also available with the faculty at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in the areas of theoretical and experimental particle physics, cosmology and astrophysics, accelerator design, and photon science. Know the best source of shield for the radiation to which you are exposed. What are the Units of Radiation Exposure? The recommended apron inspection policy is as follows: In cases of questionable condition, one can choose to use fluoroscopy or radiography to look for holes and cracks. The patient is to be encouraged to take responsibility for his/her own urine collection, if possible. If wipe test results indicate no radioactive contamination is present on the exterior of the package (e.g., less than 22 dpm/cm, If wipe test results indicate that removable contamination levels are > 22 dpm/cm, If wipe test results indicate that removable contamination levels exceed 220 dpm/cm. Applications for Human Subject protocols which include the use of radiation are forwarded to Health Physics for review. Diagnostic Radiologic Technology Certificate, Mammographic Radiologic Technology Certificate, Radiologic Technologist Fluoroscopy Permit (Additionally, this individual must be supervised by a licentiate who possesses a valid Fluoroscopy Supervisor and Operator Permit. Generally, only equipment operating at potentials of 30 kVp and above is capable of producing x-rays of biological significance. Contact Health Physics (650 723-3201) to determine whether radiation levels in your working area could cause a fetus to receive 0.5 rem or more before birth. In general, alpha, beta, gamma and x-ray radiation can be stopped by: As ionizing radiation passes through matter, the intensity of the radiation is diminished. The permitted licentiate shall document the following: Significance of radiation dose, to include hazards of excessive exposure to radiation, biological effects of radiation dose, and radiation protection standards; Expected levels of radiation from fluoroscopy equipment; Methods of controlling radiation dose: time, distance, shielding; and. Positron gamma radiation can penetrate through inches of iron, concrete, wood, plastic, water, etc. There are some exceptions to labeling for quantities less than 10 CFR 20 Appendix C limits, if approved by Health Physics and if the material is supervised by a trained individual approved to handle radioactive material by Health Physics. Applications must be submitted by the middle of December to be considered for the following Autumn Quarter. This implies that the licensee will confirm whether a patient is breast-feeding prior to release of the patient. During fluoroscopic examination, use manual settings and low technique factors (e.g. The dose limit to non-occupational workers and members of the public are set at two percent of the annual occupational dose limit. Protecting yourself against radioactive contamination by using proper protective clothing.